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Parents of children involved in an elementary school-based community intervention to prevent obesity appear to share in in its health benefits. A new analysis of Shape Up Somerville: Eat Smart Play Hard™ shows an association between being exposed to the intervention as a parent and a modest decrease in body mass index (BMI) compared to parents in two similar control communities. The study led by researchers at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was published online ahead of print December 18 in the American Journal of Public Health.
“We’ve provided new evidence that community wide school-based obesity prevention efforts may go beyond the target audience of young children and influence the weight status of their parent, who helps decide what they eat and how active they are at home. From a public health perspective, this is a pretty powerful observation,” said senior author Christina Economos, Ph.D., an associate professor at the Friedman School and principal investigator of Shape Up Somerville. The corresponding author is Edward Coffield, Ph.D., who worked on the research while a Prevention Effectiveness fellow at the CDC.
Designed and implemented by Tufts University researchers and the community of Somerville, the Shape Up Somerville intervention targeted the city’s public school students in grades 1-3 and engaged the adults who shaped their daily environment. Parents, teachers, school food service and health care providers, and city departments and local media outlets participated in and promoted intervention initiatives. These initiatives included overhauling school lunch menus; introducing nutrition education curriculum in schools; attempting to increase energy expenditure through in-school and after-school physical activity programs; and working with area restaurants to offer healthier menu items.
In the current study, the authors reviewed questionnaires from 122 Somerville parents and 356 parents from the control communities before and after the intervention that spanned two school years (20 calendar months). Parents provided their height and weight, which was used to calculate BMI, and information about their socioeconomic background and their child’s physical activity and dietary habits. Following the intervention, Somerville parents answered questions about their familiarity with Shape Up Somerville initiatives.
Every month, Somerville parents received a Shape Up Somerville newsletter in the mail with recipes, coupons for healthy foods, and articles. Almost all of the Somerville parents said they sometimes or always read the newsletter and most of the parents who received the local newspaper recalled reading the Shape Up Somerville articles.
About one-third of the Somerville parents reported that they started to walk more during the intervention, a possible reflection of Shape Up Somerville’s emphasis on increasing physical activity citywide as well as in the schools. Additionally, more than half of the Somerville parents self-reported that they chose healthier snacks for their kids and selected healthier menu options when eating out during the intervention.
Several years after the intervention study, Somerville, a diverse urban community located two miles northwest of Boston, continues to independently follow the researchers’ blueprint, embracing social justice and health equity as crucial frameworks for all of the city’s work. School breakfast and lunch menus continue to emphasise fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy and healthy snacks. Environmental and policy changes resulted in improvements to city bike and walking paths and the development of recreational programming. Somerville now offers year-round farmers’ markets that accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women Infants and Children (WIC) benefits and still encourages restaurants to add healthier dishes, noted on menus as “Shape Up approved.”
“These results reinforce what we’ve learned from Shape Up Somerville–that if we can cultivate an environment that makes it easier to make healthy choices, one change can cause a ripple effect that sparks change elsewhere,” said Somerville Mayor Joseph A. Curtatone. “‘Eat Smart, Play Hard, Move More’ is our continued mantra, and we’ve found that, overwhelmingly, even our youngest students embrace that lifestyle and are also helping their parents to understand the benefits. Creating and sustaining an environment that makes the healthy choice the easy choice is dependent on a community-based approach like Shape Up Somerville.”
(Source: Tufts University, American Journal of Public Health)
